Approaches of OM

Approaches of OM :Within the previous fifteen years or so there has been a lot of learns about the hypothetical status of talk markers (DMS) concentrating on what they are ,what they mean and what capacities they show. Fraser (1999) keeps up that teseachers have concurred that DMS are lexical articulations that relate talk fragments , yet they have differ on how they are characterized and what capacities they convey. Like this view, shourup (1999) contends that there is difference on capacities on central issues in the investigation of DMS. analysts can't concur on the syntactic classification of DMS or how to delimit their class or even what sorts of importance these markers express. So as to see progressively about DMS in language it is important to allude to tow approaches of DMS :The dependence hypothesis and soundness prodded approach1/intelligibility based approach:Within lucidness hypothesis it is accepted DMS assume a significant job in dis course understanding by utilizing â€Å"coherence † relations between talk units. As shourup (1999,p.240) contends that the translation of a book, as indicated by the cognizance gathering. Relies upon the recognizable proof of rationality relations between the units of that text . this gathering incorporates specialists who receive an intelligibility based hypothesis. The principle figures of this gathering are Schifrin (1987). Fraser (1988-1990) and redeker (1990-1991).Schifrin (1987) considers the semantic and linguistic status of DMS and their capacities . since she has a place with the cognizance gathering, Schifrin states that DMS add to the rationality of the content by building up intelligence connections between units of talk Schifrin (1987,b.9). He includes that DMS show that the translation of one statement is dictated by the data got from the earlier provision .Schifrin suggests that DMS have a rationality job as in they relate enlightening units in the current talk with educational units in the earlier talk , this is the thing that Schifrin calls nearby lucidness in her system; which implies that it is neighborhood as in DMS connect two contiguous units in the content. She expresses that DMS have both strong and basic jobs ; auxiliary since they connect (at least two) syntactic units, and furthermore durable in light of the fact that the translation of the articulation relies upon the mix of both conjuncts. It tends to be summed up that Schifrin focuses on the semantic and auxiliary job that DMS play to accomplish talk cognizance by connecting talk units The second figure of intelligibility based hypothesis is Fraser(1999). Additionally to Schifrin, Fraser keeps up that DMS add to the intelligence of a book by demonstrating soundness connections between units of talk in any case, Fraser(1999,938) shows that DMS don't need to flag any connection between fragment 2 and section 1 (adjoining portions of talk ).A talk marker can relate the portion it presents with some other past fragment in talk .And this is known as ‘global lucidness ,it is differentiated to Schifrin's neighborhood rationality . Fraser's (1997-1999) account centers around down to business elements of DMS ;he calls them â€Å"pragmatic markers†. Fraser characterize DMS in his proposition as they are phonetic component that encode pieces of information which signal the speaker likely open aim .2/Relevance-based account:Sperber and Wilson (1986,1995) have built up the significance hypothesis. It is a realistic model that clarify how speakers decipher articulations. It dependent on psychological capacity of the listener to decipher the articulation rather the etymological one. The importance hypothesis recommends that the psyche's focal processor is exceptionally compelling in holding the data since it is explicitly situated towards the quest for significance (as refered to in the utilization of talk markers in E.F.L students composing by ana cristina laluerta Martinez college of Oviedo). The guideline of pertinence establishes that all articulations are governed by the degree of ideal significance .in other words ,when a speaker points out a listener's the expression . He is guaranteeing that his expression is sufficiently significant to merit the listener's consideration. To examine profoundly the connection between importance hypothesis and talk markers , Blakemore ought to be available Blakemore (1987) contention is that DMS assume a pivotal job in the understanding of articulation by giving the listener/peruser with some direction in the inferential stage to arrive at the ideal pertinence. As indicated by Blakemore (1987), connectives add to the understanding procedure. Normally a speaker/author has a particular understanding of his articulation and to manage the listener/peruser to arrive at the correct translation DMS are so significant .They give the detail of specific properties of the unique circumstance and the logical impacts .The degree of ideal importance implies that the bigger relevant impact the littler subjective exertion . for the most part the listener stores various presumption in his memory ,and these suspicions can associate with the new data passed on by the speaker , which think of three outcomes ; another supposition or the inconsistency , and even disposal , of a supposition Blakemore (1992;p.135). This the speakers/essayist can help the listener by diminishing the intellectual exertion. As Blakemore (1992;p.176) â€Å"a speaker may utilize the etymological from of his expression to manage the understanding process†. Comparable highlights of talk markers:Despite the enormous difference about the definition and the grouping of talk markers ,There are some essential trademark and highlights shared by talk markers have been recognized in DMS contemplates. Schourup (1999) contends, â€Å"to distinguish a little sent of trademark most usually ascribes to talk markers and to things alluded to by other firmly related terms†. He understands the most well-known highlights in these articulations from certain investigations in the talk markers. These highlights are â€Å"multi-categoriality, network, mon-truth restriction, feeble statement affiliation, initiality, and optionality†a-multi-categoriality : It is seen that talk markers comprise a practical classification that is heterogeneous as for the syntactic class (as refered to in (comparative highlights). Since things that are normally remembered for DMS are not basically brought together. They are gotten from an assortment of syntactic sources. Schourup (1999,p.134) recognizes in wich DM work has been an ascribed whether words like: verb modifiers (eg, presently really, at any rate), planning and subjecting conjunctions (e.g, and, be that as it may, in light of the fact that). Contributions (e.g, gracious, gosh, kid) action words (e.g, state, look, see) or it can incorporates conditions (e.g I mean, you know). The way that DMS are suffocate from various word classes makes them hard to characterize them fundamentally. Furthermore, that implies they have indistinguishable partners that are not utilized as markers. Kohlani (2010,p39) calls attention to that in spite of the extraordinary question with respect to â€Å"the concurrence of two basically indistinguishable things that work contrastingly in discourse†, they don't cover in talk :When an articulation capacities as a talk markers ,it doesn't communicate the propositional significance of, its indistinguishable partners. As refers to in janina buintkiene (2015)b-availability :network is a typical point shared by numerous examinations concerning the DMS. They concur that DMS associate expressions or other talk joins together. Notwithstanding, there is an incredible difference about the idea of the association talk markers express and the nature and degree of the component associated ,as Schourup ( 1999,p20)point out. In this manner network is imagined distinctively because of the manner in which talk is seen. In intelligence based investigations, as Schifrin (1987) and Fraser (1999) characterized DMS as connectives which relate two printed units by denoting the connections between them; they add to between expression soundness. For lucidness based examinations DMS have a significant job in interfacing one portion of text to another. In importance based investigations, DMS don't associate one portion of text to another however they give the listener/peruser with the correct understanding of the section they present. Blakemore (1987) noticed that DMS can assume the job of interfacing the host expression the phonetic co-text as well as to the setting from a more extensive perspective. For inside significance hypothesis, talk markers are seen as communicating â€Å"inferential connections† that oblige the â€Å"cognitive processes† hidden the understanding of the section they present (Blakemore(2002,p.5).similar to this view, shourup (1999,p.230-232)states that DMS don't associate one fragment of text to another. Or maybe they interface the â€Å"propositional content† communicated by their host sentence â€Å"to suppositions that are communicated by context†. He reasons that if network is criterial for DM status, it tends to be utilized to separate DMS from different other beginning component, for example, illocutionary adverbials (e.g, privately), attitudinal adverbials (e.g, unfortunately) and from essential additions (e.g, uh oh). c/nontruth-restriction: nontruth-contingency is additionally an element that most analysts ascribe to talk markers. Saying that DMS are nontruth-restrictive implies that they carry no significance or condition to the sentence. As Schourup (1999,p.232) claims that DMS are for the most part thought to contribute nothing to reality states of the suggestion communicated by an articulation. Fraser (1996) additionally guaranteed that DMS don't impact reality states of sentences; he endorsed the possibility that fact conditions relate to mental portrayals not to sentences. As needs be ,for some, specialists talk markers are nontruth-contingent implies that DMS are a piece of the realistic part of the sentence. Ostman (1995,p.98) contends that their â€Å"primary task in language isn't identified with the propositional part of sentences, however to the pragm

The Healthcare Business

Question: Depict a few procedures at which we can advances the medicinal services business adequacy utilizing IT. Answer: Presentation In the present date PC and Information Technology (IT) are a basic piece of each business. In this serious market, each business needs to put more in IT. Data innovation benefits the business world by permitting associations to work all the more proficiently to expand profitability. Data Technology definitely changed the lives of various associations and their proprietors. Individuals lean toward web based shopping than outside shopping, computerized showcasing than entryway to entryway advertising, advanced correspondence than letter discussion, and so forth , and they are increasingly dynamic in online life. Everything is going on simply because of the new trend setting innovation brought by IT, and all the parts of a business is effectively dealt with by IT division. With the utilization of IT in social insurance field nature of administrations have expanded numerous folds. So for social insurance business arranging, quiet consideration, clinical examination, viable showcasing, de als, efficient administration, checking, moment client service and long haul business development can't be accomplished without IT. Asset The achievement of each business relies upon specific variables. Some of which are a precise examination of the item, picking the correct innovation the future vision. IT is the most intelligent and important innovation through which we can examine explicit information completely and plan the business venture in that manner. For instance in social insurance investigation apparatus can be one of the most valuable devices to monitor quiet records, patterns, wellbeing data, quality help, and so forth. Depicting a few procedures at which we can advances the human services business viability utilizing IT. Procedure Models : First of all, we need to set up a procedure model which speaks to different strides through which all the undertakings ought to be executed. The primary objective to set up these models is to accomplish the necessary objective inside a brief period. These models can show all the procedure medicinal services business is experiencing and fulfill all the client necessities. Use Cases Use Stories : It shows the arrangement of occasions and procedure to accomplish the objective. In this area we need to think about various rules, cases, and situation. Important information examination should be possible to show up at use cases and configuration best practices for medicinal services. Planning : Design various models of various offices. At that point consolidate all these and set up a procedure model of the business considering all the perspectives. Information Analysis : Different information examination and revealing strategies can be utilized to screen quiet wellbeing pattern, nature of care, medication stock, execution measurements, and so forth. Innovative work : Analyzing the clinical information, determination, sharing of data over web, stockpiling of data over cloud and simplicity of accessibility of information whenever anyplace helps the innovative work office from numerous points of view. Testing : The testing procedure is a lot of required to cross check all the procedure are running as planned and test the general profitability. Advantage There are heaps of favorable circumstances that IT can give to social insurance organizations. For instance: Effectiveness : IT permits various kinds of devices and programming or various applications which permit the association to work successfully and efficiently. There are sure things which can be followed in an appropriate manner for fruitful development for example examine information, diagnostic reports, item documentation, booked work and cutoff times. The database of an organization shows how huge it is and how effectively they infer their thoughts in the public eye. All these work should be possible by better time the executives , lesser human blunder, improved execution effectively conquering any hazard. Cost-Effectiveness : As we have all the things at our entryway step and handle it in a successful manner so now we can undoubtedly control our life. On the off chance that organization thoroughly overhauls and computerizes its association through programming execution, at that point it will require less representative to run business. There are such a significant number of instruments and applications accessible which robotize the procedure and diminishes the greater part of the manual work. Take a model clients can sign in to human services entrances, book arrangements, see clinical reports, converse with specialists without anyone else and it needn't bother with a delegate at each progression to support the client. In general it streamlines the work in most financially savvy route for any social insurance association. Speed : At a period PC can accomplish loads of work like dissecting clinical records, gathering diverse data of clients, their wellbeing reports and progress, input about the administrations, and so on. It can accelerate the association work in a manageable manner. PCs do permit organizations to work a lot quicker. It delivers better nature of items, and activity is progressively basic and solid. Through the web access now PC can accomplish loads of work rapidly from wherever where web access is accessible. Innovative work : Before experiencing any item assembling or procedure, execution organizations must need to do inner research and plan their necessity. Research should be possible over the web utilizing distinctive programming items, portable applications. Item pictures can be essentially made, and we can alter any subtleties of it (Elliot,1999). Item cost and prerequisite additionally can be handily assessed and altered whenever required. We can make a real physical model by utilizing a 3d printer, even there are situations where counterfeit appendages have been made by utilizing 3d printer innovation. Deals : Software framework likewise serves to deal your medicinal services items online by means of various portable applications or organization sites. The vast majority of the business currently work online which helps in social occasion more clients. Through site, individuals around the globe can buy their item. IT breaks the time region just as land outskirts. Hazard Factor brought by IT On the off chance that any business is worked through IT, at that point there are sure scope of hazard factors which a clients ought to know about. These are of 3 sorts. General IT Threats : General IT framework disappointment - As PCs are working through electric force, so there is an opportunity of disappointment of framework equipment or programming. Malware - There are numerous vindictive programming which can disturb the ordinary PC activity (Daintith,2009). Infections - Sometimes some disturbing PC codes harm the framework which duplicates the code itself and spread it starting with one PC then onto the next. Spam, Scams Phishing - These are some spontaneous email which can trick individuals into uncovering their own subtleties or purchasing deceitful items (Grembergen,2009). Human Error - Sometimes a few issues emerge because of thoughtless information removal or inaccurate information handling or tainted email connections. Criminal IT Threat Programmers - People utilizing some product information wrongfully harm the PC framework (Haes,2009), may even take important and private information. Extortion - Sometimes the private subtleties of the client can be utilized for some other movement or assault for money related advantages in unapproved ways. Security Breakdown - It incorporates a private information breakdown just as a fiscal exchange breakdown. Staff Dishonesty - It shows the abuse of delicate client data. Cataclysmic event IT System Fire, typhoon, floods is the greatest danger of IT framework. It can harm both PC equipment and programming. Deal with the Risk Factor We can deal with all the hazard by taking some consideration and distinguishing the hazard ahead of time. For this we have to follow some procedure. These are Before introducing any product initially recognize the hazard cautiously. Assess all the hazard successively Set up the arrangement of all the hazard. Build up the arrangement for the reaction to all hazard. At long last, survey the administration strategies in a specific span. End IT framework is the most inventive and propelled framework and has made a huge commitment towards restorative research, human services item advancement, and social wellbeing. It is consistently solid and gives the most astute approach to do various parts of medicinal services business process. Associations need to go through some sensible expense to execute IT in their business, however the outcomes are far fulfilling and get achievement in the correct manner. With its assistance, the present human services framework approaches most cutting edge innovations as well as gained colossal ground in research and social advancement. The eventual fate of medicinal services looks more IT situated and all the more in fact progressed. Glossary Term Definition 3D printer 3 Dimensional Printer BPM Business Process Management BRM Business Reference Model Phishing An endeavor to secure delicate data for vindictive reasons PLC Programmable Logic Controller IT IT: Information Technology References Daintith, John, D( 2009), IT A Dictionary of Physics: Oxford University Press. Elliot, D., Swartz, E., Herbane, B., D(1999), Just hanging tight for the following enormous detonation: business progression arranging in the UK money area. Diary of Applied Management Studies, Vol. 8, pp. 43-60. Grembergen, Van, Haes, De, Steven Wim, D(2009), Enterprise Governance of IT: Achieving Strategic Alignment and Value, Springer. Haes, De Van, Wim Grembergen, D(2009), Exploring the connection between IT administration practices and business/IT arrangement through extraordinary case investigation in Belgian mid-to-enormous size money related ventures, Journal of Enterprise Information Management, Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 615-637.

Black and Yellow Garden Spider, Aurantia argiope

Dark and Yellow Garden Spider, Aurantia argiope Dark and yellow nursery insects go generally unnoticed for a significant part of the year, as they bit by bit shed and develop to development. However, in the fall, these creepy crawlies are large, strong, and fabricate colossal networks that will in general pull in people groups consideration. Theres no compelling reason to fear the dark and yellow nursery arachnid, alarming as it might appear. These gainful 8-legged creature will just chomp under outrageous coercion, and give important irritation control benefits that warrant leaving them be. Portrayal: The dark and yellow nursery arachnid, Aurantia Argiope, is a typical occupant of nurseries and stops in North America. It has a place with the orbweaver group of creepy crawlies and constructs colossal networks that length a few feet in width. The dark and yellow nursery arachnid is here and there called the composing bug, because of the intricate web enrichments it weaves with silk. Develop females as a rule weave a crisscross example in the focal point of their networks, while juvenile yellow nursery bugs will in general fill the focuses of their networks with substantial silk examples to disguise themselves from predators. Female dark and yellow nursery creepy crawlies can arrive at a noteworthy 1-1/8 (28 mm) long, excluding their long legs. Guys are impressively littler at just  ¼ (8 mm) long. Aurantia Argiope creepy crawlies bear unmistakable dark and yellow markings on the mid-region, despite the fact that people can shift in shading and concealing. The yellow nursery creepy crawlies carapace is fixed with shiny hairs, and the legs are dark with differed groups of red, orange, or even yellow. Grouping: Realm - AnimaliaPhylum - ArthropodaClass - ArachnidaOrder †AraneaeFamily †AraneidaeGenus - Aurantia Species - Argiope Diet: Creepy crawlies are rapacious animals, and the dark and yellow nursery insect is no special case. Aurantia Argiope as a rule lays on her web, confronting head down, trusting that a flying creepy crawly will get caught in the clingy silk strings. She at that point surges forward to make sure about the feast. A dark and yellow nursery creepy crawly will eat whatever has the setback to land in her web, from flies to bumble bees. Life Cycle: Male creepy crawlies meander looking for mates. At the point when a male dark and yellow nursery creepy crawly finds a female, he fabricates his own web close (or now and again in) the females web. The Aurantia Argiope male courts a mate by vibrating strings of silk to pull in the females consideration. In the wake of mating, the female produces 1-3 earthy colored, papery egg sacs, each topped with off to 1,400 eggs, and ties down them to her web. In cool atmospheres, the spiderlings bring forth from the eggs before winter yet stay lethargic inside the egg sac until spring. The spiderlings look like small forms of their folks. Uncommon Behaviors and Defenses: Despite the fact that the dark and yellow nursery arachnid may appear to be enormous and threatening to us, this insect is quite helpless against predators. Aurantia Argiope ​doesnt have solid visual perception, so she depends on her capacity to detect vibrations and changes in air flows to identify potential dangers. At the point when she detects a potential predator, she may vibrate her web enthusiastically trying to seem bigger. In the event that that doesnt repulse the interloper, she may drop from her web to the ground underneath and cover up. Living space: Aurantia Argiope dwells in nurseries, knolls, and fields, anyplace it can discover vegetation or structures on which to manufacture its web. The yellow and dark nursery insect lean towards bright areas. Range: Dark and yellow nursery arachnids live in calm districts of North America, from southern Canada to Mexico and even Costa Rica. Other Common Names: Dark and yellow Argiope, yellow nursery insect, yellow nursery orbweaver, brilliant orbweaver, brilliant nursery bug, composing creepy crawly, zipper bug. Sources: Species Argiope aurantia - Black-and-Yellow Argiope, Bugguide.net. Gotten to online October 21, 2014.Yellow Garden Spider, Penn State University Department of Entomology. Gotten to online October 21, 2014.Beneficials in the Garden: Black and Yellow Argiope Spider, Texas AM University Extension. Gotten to online October 21, 2014.National Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Insects and Spiders of North America, by Arthur V. Evans.

Need for speed Essay

The craving to advance and to improve is one of the most valuable human emotions since it is this exact same want that has cleared the street to advance in the public eye. At the beginning, the principal trains were helpful however not proficient enough that individuals could ride on them: just products and items could be shipped. One reason for what reason is on the grounds that wellbeing and solace weren’t a top need for the railroad proprietor; the individual in question simply needed to augment their benefit. At that point, James Watt and his steam motor occurred and shook the world into the Industrial Revolution, when railways were continually being manufactured all over Europe. Urban areas developed, economies blasted and busted, and economies and societies became entwined with the goal that an independent venture man who lives in Lille, France or Barcelona, Spain needed to head out to Ukraine or Italy for a business bargain as fast as could be expected under the circumstances (as fast as conceivable since now, rather than the loose and laid back past, time is cash). So builds were expected to devise a train that could go at exceptionally quick speeds while keeping vitality utilization as low as could be expected under the circumstances. The Japanese began the race for quicker rapid trains with their â€Å"bullet trains†, the French countered with the TGV, and numerous different organizations came out with their own fast trains: Acela, Eurostar, and the Shinkansen, among others [3]. The expansion in rivalry profited the buyer, the individual expecting to get over the mainland since now the person had a decision between various trains, each known for a particular convenience. For instance, TGV was an electric train so the vitality utilization of the trains is extremely low. Notwithstanding, it is minimal noisier than different lines so the exchange off is abstract to the person’s taste. In the end, all the train lines would attempt to adjust vitality utilization, wellbeing, speed, and solace so as to give the smoothest trip they might offer. [4] generally, optimal design is the communication of air on an article [7]. On account of rapid trains, the optimal design of the train relies upon numerous elements: â€Å"aerodynamic drag, pressure varieties inside train, train-instigated iâ ¬ow, cross-wind impacts, ground impacts, pressure waves inside passage, motivation waves at the exit of passage, clamor and vibration†. [8] Ultimately, discovering answers for these issues will bring about a quicker and smoother train ride, so it gets basic to recognize the elements that influence every one of these so one can control them, if conceivable, to one’s requirements. In any case, having such a large number of elements that influence the streamlined features of a train, one can genuinely start to perceive how complex this issue is for engineers since each change made to the train or the tracks could cost the organizations possessing them an immense measure of cash for even the littlest of changes. In particular, the innovation of the rapid train has altered significant distance ground transportation since it has furnished individuals with an a lot quicker approach to travel, now and again cutting a seven hour long excursion to three hours! In any case, to diminish such an excursion so remarkably, the way from city to city (in this spot Boston to Washington D. C. ) must be as immediate as conceivable [2]. This implies now and again a passage must be worked through a mountain to take into consideration a rapid train to go through the mountain and get to its goal as fast as could reasonably be expected. As far as rapid trains, there are a wide range of types, each with its favorable circumstances and burdens. For instance, the world prestige TGV It has colossal preferred position in that it can utilize a similar railroad lines as neighborhood prepares so the expense of making railroad tracks is diminished. Notwithstanding, one of the disservices is that utilizing these equivalent train tracks, only the negligible actuality that the TGV utilizes indistinguishable tracks from neighborhood trains implies that as far as possible the size and particulars of nearby trains in light of the fact that the wake of the TGV causes an air stream that influences the trains behind it. [1] [2] as far as what the future has coming up, trains haven’t even began to arrive at their breaking point. From customary train to the fast train, the speed was expanded. The TGV is an undeniable case of this change given that it broke the record for the fasted train, maximizing at 357 mph. The following stage is along the lines of the Japanese Maglev; removing erosion from the condition, the Maglev can incredibly diminish the drag and the vibration in the train, accordingly making the train that a lot quicker. Within a reasonable time-frame, there is an idea that would take the Maglev well beyond its accomplishments up until now: a â€Å"evacuated tube† is a monstrous vacuum in a cylinder extending for a significant distance and miles. Curiously, if this technique is planned and works, it might conceivably receive the rewards since the start. This happens in light of the fact that air drag takes such a lot of vitality out of the framework (the framework being characterized as the train) that limiting it to a unimportant level could promptly spare heaps of dollars [8] [9]. Then again, there are changes that have been made to the train itself instead of to the earth encompassing it. The Japanese Hayabusa’s nose is calculated and smooth so it can kill burrow blast, the sound of a train leaving a passage. Passage blast is brought about by a quick train pressurizing the air before it as it experiences a passage until it comes out of the passage with the pressurized air and makes an exceptionally noisy sound. Prepares in the past had a littler passage blast that happened directly before the train left the passage (the sound of a train originating from inside a passage); in any case, since the trains are that a lot quicker, they make up for lost time to the pressurized air and come out together, making productive impedance, to make a greater sound [5]. Moreover, the French Alstrom built up an overhauled TGV called the AGV. What was fascinating about how the French redesigned the TGV is that they took the force arrangement of the TGV and totally changed it; presently it has the limit of creating higher rates at a small amount of the first TGV vitality utilization. Don’t overlook that the TGV was planned as an electric train, so to have a force framework that can accomplish more with less vitality is a tremendous headway! all in all, the reality remains that the quick paced society of today has equipped individuals to need to do everything all the more rapidly. Following this line of reasoning, it bodes well that fast trains are the future in transportation. Since the beginning, individuals have indicated a need, a requirement for speed. Works Cited [1] Fox News. Related Press. http://www. foxnews. com/story/0,2933,263542,00.html (got to July fifteenth, 2012) [2] Plumer, Brad. The Washington Post. http://www. washingtonpost. com/web journals/ezra-klein/wp/2012/07/16/amtraks-151-billion-fast rail-plan-are-there-less expensive choices/(got to July fifteenth, 2012) [3] European Railway Server. TGVweb. http://www. trainweb. organization/tgvpages/history. html(accessed July seventeenth, 2012) [4] http://www. buzzle. com/articles/focal points and-burdens of-maglev-trains. html [5] Railway-Technology. com. On Track. http://www. railroad innovation. com/highlights/feature117829/(got to July fifteenth, 2012). [6] James, Randy. Time U. S. http://www. time. com/time/country/article/0,8599,1892463,00. html (got to July sixteenth, 2012) [7] Bopp, Rudolf; Hagenah, Bernd. Gruner. http://www. gruner-gmbh. at/aktuelles_gmbh_at/pdf_pool/D_HAB_Porto. pdf [8] Raghunathan, Raghu S. ; Setoguchi, T. Progress in Aerospace Sciences. Streamlined features of fast railroad train http://ompldr. organization/vMXlsOA/Aerodynamics_HSR02. pdf [9] Hoffman, Carl. Popsci: Trans-Atlantic Maglev. http://www. popsci. com/scitech/article/2004-04/trans-atlantic-maglev.

Understanding Stigma When You Have BPD

Understanding Stigma When You Have BPD BPD Living With BPD Print Understanding Stigma When You Have BPD By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Updated on October 06, 2019 Eric Audras / ONOKY / Getty Images More in BPD Living With BPD Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions A stigma is a preconceived idea or stereotype that causes someone to devalue or think less of the person in question. People tend to distance themselves from individuals in stigmatized groups, to blame individuals in these groups for negative actions and to discriminate against the stigmatized individuals. The Stigma of Mental Illness Unfortunately, stigma is often an issue that those with mental illnesses must deal with, which makes getting effective treatment more difficult. If you have an illness like borderline personality disorder (BPD), that means you have to handle the symptoms of your disease while also dealing with the preconceptions of others. Because of portrayals of mental illness on television and in movies, many people view those with mental disorders to be dangerous, weak-willed, unstable, and unreliable. According to research from World Psychiatry, surveys have shown that because of these depictions of these diseases, peoples mindsets have been changed in a negative way. It has caused them to view those with mental illness in three ways: Fear: They believe that mentally ill people are a danger to the people around them and are prone to violent episodes.Irresponsible: People also believe that mentally ill people are self-indulgent and lazy and could get over the disease if they just stopped wallowing.  Helpless: Others believe those with mental health issues are childlike and require the same assistance as a toddler, incapable of making their own choices. The Stigma Associated With Borderline Personality Disorder Of the major mental illnesses, individuals like you with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are perhaps among the most stigmatized. Even among healthcare professionals, BPD is frequently misunderstood. Common stereotypes include that BPD patients are dramatic, manipulative, and attention-seeking. These stereotypes can cause therapists to not take your symptoms or fears seriously, negatively impacting your health. Stigma surrounding BPD can also lead to misdiagnosis. Those with borderline personality disorder are frequently diagnosed with bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder because of a lack of understanding. Because the treatments for these illnesses are very different, this inaccurate diagnosis can harm your well-being. Because of these issues, its important to find a doctor or clinician with a strong understanding of borderline personality disorder and the current standards of care. Stigmas Impact on Treatment This stereotype can make it more difficult for those undergoing treatment to find a stable job, secure safe housing and live a normal life. They are always suspected of wrongdoing, carelessness, or anger and so have difficulty building a regular routine.   Because of the heavy burden of stigma, many people with psychiatric difficulties attempt to hide their illness, refusing to admit to others or even to themselves that something is wrong. Others will neglect their treatment, skipping therapy sessions and medication so that their condition will not be discovered. This can cause major difficulties and delays in their therapy, causing significant setbacks. Stigma about mental health is very prevalent in society and is a constant struggle; these disorders continue to be perceived in incorrect ways.  Some progress has been made to end preconceptions, but more work needs to be done. When pursuing treatment options, its important to look for a doctor who understands your needs and to build a support network of people that you trust. 5 Keys for Coping With Borderline Personality Disorder

A Complete Guide to the Different Types of College Applications

Different Types of College Applications When your student gets ready to apply to colleges, the process can be intimidating. After all, it represents a big step forward in their lives.Not too long ago, every college had its own application. This meant there were hundreds of different types of college applications. Many students found this approach discouraging, largely because it was incredibly tedious and time-consuming.Now, many colleges have embraced more streamlined processes. While there are still different types of college applications, there arent near as many as before. Plus, many schools accept multiple standardized options. This means your student can complete the forms once and submit that same document to most of the schools that catch their interest.But, deciding which different types of college applications to complete falls partially on the students shoulders. And, if your child isnt aware of what each involves, making that choice is challenging.To help make that easier, here is a complete guide to the most f requently used options available.Different Types of College ApplicationsWhile the application portion of the college admissions process is much more streamlined, not every school accepts the same application. This means your student may encounter a few while they are applying to colleges.Additionally, some schools accept several different types of college applications, requiring students to choose one of the available options.By understanding the nuances of each approach, your student can select the ideal application based on their needs. Heres an overview of what is available.The Common ApplicationCreated in 1975, the Common Application (or Common App) was designed to make the college admissions process easier. Students can complete a single application and submit it to any of the member schools, eliminating the need to complete different forms for each college they may want to attend.Currently, there are more than 800 member colleges that accept the Common Application. That means, theoretically, your student could complete a single set of forms and submit them to all of those schools with the click of a button.To allow the Common Application to stand in for the different types of college applications it replaced, several components were added to the process. This allows the app to be comprehensive, meeting the needs of a large number of colleges in the US.When your student completes a Common App, here are the sections they will encounter:ProfileFamilyEducationTestingActivitiesWritingCourses GradesThe entire application can be completed online, making it a convenient option for students who wish to apply to multiple member schools.However, some schools do require additional information along with the Common Application. This means, while the bulk of your students application process is handled with this approach, there may be school-specific requirements, like additional essays, that also have to be met.The Coalition ApplicationA relatively new option, the C oalition Application is accepted by approximately 150 member colleges. In fact, a few member schools ONLY accept this option, including the University of Washington-Seattle, the University of Maryland-College Park, and Virginia Tech.Like the Common Application, the Coalition Application has set components, including essay questions, high school transcripts, test scores, and more. Additionally, it can be completed online and submitted to any school that accepts it with ease, streamlining the admissions process for students and colleges alike.One of the reasons the Coalition Application was created was to ensure that technical issues didnt hinder a students ability to apply to college.For example, in 2017, with less than 48 hours to go before the early application deadlines for many schools, the Common Application crashed. Without different types of college applications being available, some potential applicants could miss critical deadlines. The Coalition Application wants to keep th at from happening to anyone.Like on the Common App, schools may request supplemental information to enhance the students applications. Typically, if the college wants something more, this involves extra essays.Related articles:8 Important College Ratings and Statistics to ConsiderHow to Begin Searching for Colleges5 Areas to Focus on for Improved College Admission SuccessThe Universal ApplicationThe Universal College Application isnt as widely used as the other two. However, it follows the same approach as those listed above.Typically, most schools that accept the Universal College App also support either the Common or Coalition application as well, if not both.This means, since there are less than 50 member schools, many students would get more mileage out of their applications by selecting one of the other two different types of college applications listed above.However, that doesnt mean this application may not be valuable depending on your students situation, just that it might not be an app that they need to use to get into their ideal college.System-Shared ApplicationsSome state college and university systems allow students to submit a single application to be considered for any school in the system. For example, the University of California embraces this model, allowing applicants to be considered for any school location using the same application.However, many of these state colleges also embrace at least one of the standardized options listed above, particularly the Common Application or the Coalition Application. This means most students are best served by using one of those formats to apply across a college system, particularly if they also want to be considered for admission to a school outside of that group.Different Types of College Applications for Individual SchoolsSome schools still embrace unique application processes. This means they will not accept one of the options listed above, instead relying on an app they developed themselves.Usually, the information being requests mimics any other application. However, your student will need to complete these individually.A unique college application is more commonly seen with private colleges versus public ones. So, if your student has their eye on a private university, they shouldnt be surprised if they encounter this requirement.How to Choose Between the Different Types of College ApplicationsBefore your student starts filling out any applications, its wise to explore what each of their target schools requires. In some cases, they may find that all of their preferred colleges use the Common Application or Coalition App, either with or without supplemental essays and other materials.If that happens, then your student should focus their effort on the option that will get them the most mileage.However, your child may also want to contact the school to see if the admissions department has a preference. While schools treat all application types the same, that doesnt mean that is always the case. Since getting into a choice school is so important, it never hurts to ask.When submitting these applications, keep in mind that seniors should submit scholarship applications through fall semester as well. Many families wait until post-admission season to start looking for money but this means they are missing out on thousands of dollars in deadlines.While we know it can be tough to balance One thing to keep in mind is that, often times, these admissions essays can be reusable. More specifically, your student can use these essays to apply for scholarships as well, saving time and stress.If you want to learn more about how to master the scholarship process, including where to find legitimate scholarships your student can apply to, register for our next free training, 6 Steps to Quickly Securing Scholarships at www.thescholarshipsystem.com/freewebinarpst.Pin56RedditShare2 Comments

Cyberbullying has sadly become an everyday thing for many...

Cyberbullying has sadly become an everyday thing for many teens all across the world. Just recently, a cyberbullying incident involving three girls resulted in one girl commiting suicide. The victim, Rebecca, started dating a boy back in 2012. Another girl did not like this so she began to harass and bully her telling her that she should â€Å"drink bleach and die† (Newcomb). The bullying did not stop there, it only escalated from online verbal harassment to physical confrontations at school. On top of that, the girl allegedly bullied any of Rebecca’s friends and turned one of her closer friends against her. During this school year (2013-2014), Rebecca tried to start fresh by going to a new school only to find that the bullying would continue.†¦show more content†¦As said before, teachers are able to be bullied also. In a story written by Sameer Hinduja [a writer for the cyberbullying research center] a teenage girl went online to express her anger about a teacher on a twitter. The girl went on to call the teacher a â€Å"whore† and a â⠂¬Å"bitch†(Sameer Hinduja). After the teacher found out, she confronted the girl in the middle of class in front of the entire class. The girl later apologized for her actions but an apology couldn’t fix the damage that was already done. There is not one â€Å"typical bully†. There are many different types. A website called â€Å"StopCyberbullying† has made a list of the different types of bullies such as the â€Å"Mean Girls†, the â€Å"Vengeful Angel†, the â€Å"Power Hungry† and the â€Å"Inadvertent Cyberbully†. The â€Å"Mean Girls† do exactly what the name implies. This is usually a group of girls that get together and talk about people and make fun of them. This type of bullying is intentional. Next, the â€Å"Vengeful Angel† is a person who starts to bully the bully. They believe what they are doing is right but in reality they are doing the same thing the bully was doing so it doesn’t make it right. The â€Å"power hungry† type of people are the complete opposite of the mean girls. They are not very popular and not many people like them but they get together to be respected over the internet. TheyShow MoreRelatedCyberbullying : Cyberbullying And Cyberbullying3166 Words   |  13 PagesCyberbullying Defined What is cyberbullying? Merriam – Webster defines cyberbullying as, â€Å"the electronic posting of mean-spirited messages about a person (as a student) often done anonymously† (year and cite). While this definition gives an example of one form of cyberbullying, it does not foreshadow the complexities educational leaders will face in maintaining the school climate and culture or in decisions for disciplinary action surrounding events of cyberbullying. This paper will provide a definitionRead MoreCyberbullying And Its Impact On Cyberbullying1457 Words   |  6 PagesThe article written by Carol M. Walker, Beth Rajan Sockman, and Steven Koehn, â€Å"An Exploratory Study of Cyberbullying with Undergraduate University Students† delves into their study done on undergraduate students to address technology and its impact on cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is defined as, â€Å"The use of information and communication technologies such as email, cellphones, instant messagi ng†¦ to promote deliberate, repeated and hurtful behavior with the intent to harm others† (Tech Trends JournalRead MoreCyberbullying : A Cyberbullying Suicide Victim1468 Words   |  6 PagesBritney Mazzoncini: A Cyberbullying Suicide Victim â€Å"She was beautiful, so well-behaved, you couldn’t have asked for a better granddaughter.† That’s a quote from Britney’s grandparent’s days after the 16-year-old committed suicide in Scotland in July this year. The motivation? Cyberbullying! She suffered intolerable angst from an abusive Facebook â€Å"friend.† The police are still looking for the perpetrator. She is certainly not alone. The number of suicides by young people who feel depressed, scaredRead MoreCyberbullying And Traditional Bullying : Cyberbullying1158 Words   |  5 PagesCyberbullying is a relatively new threat, and it is very similar to traditional bullying. Despite the fact that cyberbullying and traditional bullying both share the common goal of harassment, cyberbullying differs from traditional bullying in that it does not stop at the schoolyard, and can continue when the victim is far away from the aggressor. It is just as devastating as common bullying, and sometimes is even more damaging. Professors Sameer Hinduja and Justin W. Patchin note in their journalRead MoreCyberbullying, Prevention, And Results Of Cyberbullying1494 Words   |  6 Pagesas â€Å"a person who is habitually cruel or overbearing.† When these two words are combined, cyberbullying is best described as someone who uses the computer and access it provides to bully someone. However, there is much more to cyberbullying than they may possibly believe they know: background information about cyberbullying, the types of cyberbullying, prevention, and results of cyberbullying. Cyberbullying; the use of internet, cell phones, other electronic communication devices to spread harmfulRead MoreThe Status Of Cyberbullying And Cyberbullying Prevention865 Words   |  4 Pages Review of the Status of Cyberbullying and Cyberbullying Prevention (2014), a scholarly article written by June Chisolm PhD, with the Department of Psychology at Pace University in New York, explores the effects of cyberbullying and the impact that it has on adolescents. The author first defined cyberbullying as â€Å"the intentional and repeated harm inflicted through the use of computers, cell phones, or other electronic devices† (pg.78). In recent studies, it was found that one in five youths willRead MoreCyberbullying Controversy : Cyberbullying And Bullying2637 Words   |  11 Pages Cyberbullying Controversy Anyone can be caught in a bullying situation either as a bully, a victim or a bystander. Since the internet is widely used by anyone from all different age groups and is used publicly or privately, it is hard to know a person s real identity. There are many instances where the bully is hiding his or her identity and one cannot see who is the predator. As for the victims, many had publicly written down some suicidal thoughts online or described how their life is complicatedRead MoreCyberbullying : The Danger And Prevalence Of Cyberbullying1132 Words   |  5 Pagesteenagers have been in. This is an example of cyberbullying. Most people seem to have a general idea of what cyberbullying is; however, as Tim Cushing points out in â€Å"The Cyberbullying Problem is Overhyped,† cyberbullying is not necessarily so easily defined, at least not explicitly. Posted to Techdirt.com in 2013, Cushing’s article is, unsurprisingly, premised on the idea that media and society have exagg erated the danger and prevalence of cyberbullying in today’s world. Overall, Cushing formulatesRead MoreEssay On Cyberbullying853 Words   |  4 PagesCyberbullying is defined as the repeated use of technology to harass, humiliate, and threaten others. Cyberbullying has become the new way to bully others because teenagers have access to their social media, cell phones, and internet anywhere and at any time. Even though traditional bullying has occurred for years, researchers and school officials are still searching for solutions to solve the new form of bullying known as cyberbullying. Since cyberbullying is anonymous a solution to the problemRead MoreThe Issue of Cyberbullying1694 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Should cyberbullying be considered a crime? What are the punishments for cyberbullying? What kinds of behaviors are categorized as cyberbullying? This paper reviews those issues and provides supporting literature. Thesis: Cyberbullying has become far more than a nuisance and a distraction in public schools and hence strict rules should be enacted to deter cyberbullying. When a state legislature passes a criminal law in order to dissuade students from cyberbullying and it passes through

What Is a Meter Definition and Calculations

The meter is the basic unit of length in the SI system of units. The meter is defined to be the distance light travels through a vacuum in exactly 1/299792458 seconds. An interesting effect of the definition of the meter this way is that it fixes the speed of light in a vacuum to the exact value of 299,792,458 m/s.  The previous definition of the meter was one ten-millionth of the distance  from the geographic north pole to the equator, measured over the earths surface in a circle running through Paris, France.  Meters are abbreviated using a lower case m in measurements. 1 m is about 39.37 inches. This is a bit more than one yard. There are 1609 meters in a statute mile. Prefix multipliers based on powers of 10 are used to convert meters to other SI units. For example, there are 100 centimeters in a meter. There are 1000 millimeters in a meter. There are 1000 meters in a kilometer. An Example A meter is any device which measures and records the quantity of a substance. For example, a water meter measures the volume of water. Your phone measures the amount of digital data that you use. An Electrical or Magnetic Quantity A meter is any device which measures and may record an electrical or magnetic quantity, such as voltage or current. For example, an ammeter or voltmeter are kinds of meters. Use of a such a device may be termed metering or you might say the quantity being measured is being metered. Aside from knowing what a meter is, if youre dealing with the unit of length, you need to know how to convert between it and other units. Yard to Meter Unit Conversion If you use yards, its good to be able to convert the measurement to meters. A yard and a meter are close to the same size, so when you get an answer, check to make sure the values are close. The value in meters should be slightly less than the original value in yards. 1 yard 0.9144 meters So if you want to convert 100 yards to meters: 100 yards x 0.9144 meters per yard 91.44 meters Centimeter to Meter (cm to m) Conversion Most of the time, length unit conversions are from one metric unit to another. Heres how to convert from cm to m: 1 m 100 cm (or 100 cm 1 m) Say you want to convert 55.2 centimeters to meters: 55.2 cm x (1 meter / 100 cm) 0.552 m Make sure the units cancel out and leave the one you want on top. So centimeters cancel and meters is on top. Converting Kilometers to Meters The kilometer to meter conversion is common. 1 km 1000 m Say you want to convert 3.22 km into meters. Remember, you want to make sure the desired unit remains in the numerator when you are canceling units. In this case, its a simple matter: 3.22 km x 1000 m/km 3222 meters

Police Brutality Issues In America - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1556 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/03/29 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Police Brutality Essay Did you like this example? POLICE BRUTALITY AND AMERICA Abstract This paper will look at police brutality and the prosecuting of the officers of the events; from the earlier era in America to the present day. If will also look at how the media can shape the narrative that is presented to the public at large an how that effects how police brutality is viewed as a whole. Then finally look at whether or not America has gotten better or worse when it comes to police brutality. Society today is a highly connected society through the use of social media and other news sources. Now when events happen they can be shared around the U.S. and the world in the matter of minutes or hours. Due to this there has been a rise of awareness of police brutality, throughout the populace. In the following paper we will look at specific police brutality events and their outcomes. Along with looking at how the media can affect the perception of the event to the populace. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Police Brutality Issues In America" essay for you Create order Police brutality isn’t a new development but a problem that has unfortunately existed since there have been police forces. Looking at an early case of police brutality brought to the Supreme Court can highlight some of the difficulties there were with prosecuting police for their behavior. Screws v. United States is a great example of this. Claud Screws was the sheriff of Baker County in the state of Georgia. He arrested Robert Hall, a Negro, for tire theft. He handcuffed him and then drove him to the police station where he and two other officers beat Hall with their fists and 2 blackjacks. (Robert, 1945) Then dragged him to the jail cell and called an ambulance, where Hall died without gaining consciousness. Screws and the other individuals claimed Hall used offensive language and reached for a gun. (Robert, 1945) The State of Georgia did not prosecute the individuals and the United States Attorney with Department of Justice ended prosecuting them. The individuals were prose cuted under section 52 of title 18 of the United States Code. This is important as it was used to because by killing Hall the Sheriff and his deputies denied Hall his constitutional right to not be deprived of his life without due process of the law. (Roberts, 1945) A trial by jury found the all three defendants guilty and they were fined 1,000 dollars and sentenced to 3 years in prison, the crime was considered a misdemeanor. The defendants appealed to the Fifth circuit court of appeals who affirmed the conviction. (Robert, 1945) However, it then went to the Supreme Court where the end result was a little more complex. There were four opinions from the court with the majority being a re-trial due to the vagueness of section 52 and its application to this event. One of the dissenting opinions was that it was obvious that by killing Hall that Screws and the deputies had deprived him of his life without a trial, so the verdict should be affirmed. Then another dissenting opinion stated that section 52 shouldn’t have applied to Screws and the deputies in the first place as it was made to be more specific and not used broadly. This shows how imperfect section 52 is when trying a civil rights case, especially one of this magnitude, considering it is only a misdemeanor crime by this statute. (Robert, 1945) However, it gives a glimpse of what the courts had to work with in that time frame. March 3, 1991 one of the most visible cases of police brutality in America, the beating of Rodney King took place. King, a black man, led police on a car chase and once apprehended was beat by the officers. This was captured on video tape by a white bystander and played all over the media. (Maurantonio, 2014) The video tape is an important factor of this police brutality case as let everyone be the eye witness to the event itself. (Maurantonio, 2014) This is why the 1992 Los Angeles riots happen when the acquittal of the four officers accused in the case. The minority community saw it as an injustice with the officers not being held accountable to what they did. So not long after the verdict was read a group of black boys beat Reginald Denny, a white truck driver. The media unfortunately used this beating as a kind of qui quo pro for the King beatings. (Maurantonio, 2014) Maurantonio argues that the media portrayal of King as a hapless victim that was in the wrong place at the wrong time, down played the racism that was part of that police brutality episode. It is also important to look at the Media’s portrayal of police brutality when no actual brutality occurred but a rush to present the story to the public inflamed a local populace. Nowhere is this more apparent than with the Michael Brown case and the â€Å"Hands up, don’t shoot† narrative. Now it is important to note that it is vital for the media to present both the victim and the officers equally as Dukes points out a negative view of the victim in the media increases a bias in the populace against said individual. (2017) However, the issue in this case was by presenting that narrative before facts were established the town of Ferguson ended up rioting as they believed another senseless death of a black teen at the hands of the police. It wasn’t until later when it was discovered that that quote never happened and he was going for the officer’s gun that led to the ordeal and the fatal shooting. By then it was too late and the narrative was believ ed by too many therefore accepted by some. The examples above show both real cases of police brutality and then a false case of police brutality however, the biggest factor of these types of issues in the police department is the eroding of the public’s trust because of them. This is exasperated when the officer involved in the event fails to be punished if deserved. In 2013 92% of police officers in major cities had collective bargaining agreements. (Adams, 2016) This is important as this provides the officers with an arbitrator that will help when it comes to disciplinary matters. Just like the regular public the officer deserves to justly punished and not punished due to a perceived guilt. The problem can come though when even though the officer is guilty the arbitrator is able to get the punishment reduced to a lesser punishment. (Adams, 2016) This in turns make the public think that the officer is getting away with beating or killing them. A good example is Freddie Gray who died in police custody in Baltimore and led to riots. (Adams, 2016) In this case the officers were tried in civil court. The officers were tried separately but one ended in a mis-trial and the others were found not guilty. This shows how hard a conviction can be on an officer in the line of duty. The reason the paper has focused on race cases of police brutality is that it is an event issue within the United States. Depending on the media its portrayal of this issue is full of ambiguities, emotions and different perspectives. (Lawrence, 2000) There is an appearance of the minorities receiving the short end of the stick while the political powers protect the police officer. The police officers want to be tough on policing and crime but that can lead to issues sometimes in the inner cities and minority communities. (Lawrence, 2000) Overall police brutality is a real issue that needs to be resolved as the past has shown us. There is no way around the issue as it has been documented and shown to be an issue. What needs further study is trying to define and develop a way to further combat it at an agency level and not just at an individual level. Key to that would be ensuring that punishment is given to the officers when they have been found guilty of the brutality. However, ensuring not to rush to judgment and try the officer in the court of public opinion before the actual facts are discovered. References Adams, T. (2016). Factors in Police Misconduct Arbitration Outcomes: What Does It Take to Fire a Bad Cop? ABA Journal of Labor Employment Law, 32(1), 133–156. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1919095887/ Alang, S., PhD. (2018). The more things change, the more things stay the same: Race, ethnicity, and police brutality. American Journal of Public Health, 108(9), 1127-1128. doi:https://dx.doi.org.ezproxy1.apus.edu/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304628 Chaney, C., Robertson, R. (2013). Racism and Police Brutality in America. Journal of African American Studies, 17(4), 480–505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12111-013-9246-5 Dukes, K., Gaither, S. (2017). Black Racial Stereotypes and Victim Blaming: Implications for Media Coverage and Criminal Proceedings in Cases of Police Violence against Racial and Ethnic Minorities. Journal of Social Issues, 73(4), 789–807. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12248 Lawrence, R. G. (2000). The politics of force : media and the construction of police brutality. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.ezproxy1.apus.edu/lib/apus/detail.action?docID=223306. Maurantonio, N. (2014). Remembering rodney king: Myth, racial reconciliation, and civil rights history. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 91(4), 740-755. doi:https://dx.doi.org.ezproxy1.apus.edu/10.1177/1077699014550094 Robert K. Carr, Screws v. United States The Georgia Police Brutality Case , 31 Cornell L. Rev. 48 (1945) Available at: https://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/clr/vol31/iss2/3

Essay on Rhetorical Analysis Against School - 895 Words

Rhetorical Analysis: Against School In the essay, Against School, John Taylor Gatto, expresses his strong belief in middle diction of how students in the typical public schooling system are conformed to low-standard education in order to benefit the society much more than the student themselves; causing schooling to be unnecessary as opposed to education . He believes that children and teachers are caught in extreme boredom as a result of repeated material. This boredom also causes a lack of maturity and independence in the students. Gatto wrote this essay in 2003 which appeared in Harper’s magazine. He gathered these observations during his 30 years of teaching in the best and worst schools of New York City. In 1991, he was named the†¦show more content†¦Gatto having been a teacher for years and writing various books on education made the argument much more effective and easier to accept his opinion. Another mode of development Gatto used in his essay was compare/con trast. Gatto shows his opinion by saying, â€Å"if we wanted to we could easily and inexpensively jettison the old, stupid structures and help kids take an education rather than merely receive a schooling† (149). He then questions if â€Å"we really need school?† Not meaning education, â€Å"just forced schooling† (149). Gatto obviously shows a contrast of â€Å"schooling† and â€Å"education†. Notice he emphasizes the difference between â€Å"receive schooling† and â€Å"take an education† which is also another mode, extended definition. Another compare/contrast he shows in the essay is how a number of American heroes were never involved in a school system, yet they still were incredibly smart and managed to succeed while making an indent in history. But now in the modern world â€Å"we have been taught (that is, schooled) in this country to think of ‘success’ as synonymous with, or at least dependent upon, ‘scho oling’, but historically that isn’t true in either an intellectual or a financial sense† (Gatto 150). This also is indeed a very effective argument, simply because he uses factual history and the modern world to show a compare and contrast. Gatto uses middle dictionShow MoreRelatedImproving The Work Force Of Apprenticeships820 Words   |  4 Pagesthe readers by using the rhetorical analysis using logos, ethos, and pathos. Robert I. Lerman is in favor of using apprenticeships in today’s workforce for millions of Americans. He uses rhetorical analysis to appeal to the readers. The first one is pathos which is using feelings, desires, or fears to influence readers. â€Å"A large-scale apprenticeships system will help the United States deal with several chronic problems. 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I still struggle a bit remembering some of the rhetorical terms, but I am way more comfortable and familiar with them now. In high school I never really summarized pieces, instead I would quote them. I now feel confident in my abilities to summarize and paraphrase accurately which is a really useful skill to have. Before this course I knew howRead Moreplug in drug Essay676 Words   |  3 Pagesact of watching television affect the developing childrens relationship with the real world?† In the essay â€Å"Television: The plug in Drug,† by author Marie Winn, the author examines television’s impact on children. The author uses rhetorical devices such as causal analysis to support her argument on television non-effectiveness on society and cause and effect to illustrate and persuade the unaware attitude of parents towards television. 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Serial is a spinoff series from parent podcast This American Life, which details the investigation and reinvestigation of a brutal 1999 murder involving high school lovers of the Baltimore area. Friedersdorf’s piece not only comes to defend Serial’s honor,Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Sinners In The Hands Of An Angry God1219 Words   |  5 PagesEdwards â€Å"Sinners† Rhetorical Analysis Imagine you are a Puritan, it is the Great Awakening, and one of the most well-known preachers of the time is telling you that there is a good chance you are going to hell. Without some serious skills in persuasion, this statement wouldn’t mean anything. Jonathan Edwards Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God speech was extremely effective in persuading the Puritans to take their religious beliefs more seriously due to his use of many rhetorical devices such as:Read MoreClass Reflection Essay786 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the time that I was in high-school I have taken many English classes leading up to this Ivy Tech class. During my freshman year I was required to participate in English 9 which required students to do more reading than writing. During my sophomore year I took English 10 that involved more reading. Then last year I took AP Language and Composition for college credits. Reading and writing were split 50/50. We were required to read a new book every nine wee ks and be quizzed. We also wroteRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Michelle Obamas Speech900 Words   |  4 Pages A Rhetorical Analysis of Michelle Obama’s 2016 DNC Speech At the 2016 Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia, Michelle Obama the first lady at the time, was endorsing the democratic candidate, Hillary Clinton. Using her personal connection with the president and Hillary Clinton, Michelle Obama creates a more personal speech. With her credibility as first lady, use of her family and her platform she lead as first lady, she persuades the audience to spread Hillary Clinton’s campaign message

9 Early Social Thinkers - 1197 Words

9 Early Social Thinkers August Comte- August contributed in society in perhaps the biggest way of them all, simply for the fact that he discovered the term Sociology. Comte is the founding father of sociology, he was the first to tell the world his belief on the matter; and that was that the world can be best understood. The world can be best understood, Augusts’ belief then became known as positivism. He wanted to show the world that this is the way society should be and that understands where different people come from. Since August Comte was the first to discover sociology, he paved the way for others to learn off of his preaching’s and branch off on their own and become an early thinker themselves. His ideas and views, and to†¦show more content†¦And that is that were all human, and we should all be treated equal regardless of the sex you were born. Woman’s rights are extremely impotent because woman are just as smart as men and can contribute just as much to the world as men can. So for her to get recognition for making women rights take affect, it means a whole lot and is huge for the history of Sociology. Robert Merton- Merton is so important to sociology because discrimination and racism has simply not gone away since the 1900’s and clearly still is a huge problem in our world today. He’s so important because he’s one of the first to actually notice it and it came to him as not making any sense to treat other people different because of where they are from, how they are brought up, and what color their skin is. It’s sad and Merton saw that and for this I respect him. Merton created concepts such as unintended consequences, the reference group, and role strain but is perhaps best known for having created the terms role model and self-fulfilling prophecy. W.E.B. Debois- Extremely important to society simple because like Merton he believed in double identity, equality, freedom, and democracy. He saw all the issues with society in the 20th century. Extremely smart individual and proved that when given the right opportunity that the white people had as in get to go to a school such as Harvard; That black people can also perform at the same level and proved itShow MoreRelatedHobbes, Marx, and Shah1503 Words   |  7 PagesThe cold, calculating, and logical brains of Enlightenment thinkers are much different from the emotional, fantasy-loving mind of Romantics. The Enlightenment was an 18th century movement in which rationality and science were placed as the number one things a human could have (Brians). The Enlightenment also propagated the idea equality and liberalism (Brians). Romanticism was an international movement which occurred after the Enlightenment during the late 1700s to the mid-1800s (Melani). 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Coco Collection Maldives

Question: Discuss asbout the Coco Collection Maldives ? Answer : Introduction: Coco Collection has been one of the prominent group of hotels, a supplementary of Sunland Hotels. In July 2007, the organization opened its flagship after which the group has expanded leaps and bounds as a trailblazer in stylish, classy yet sustainable generosity. The assortment of Coco Collection consists of three distinctive brands, Coco Palm, Coco Prive and Retreats. The Coco Resorts: Retreats takes into account the opulence resort of Coco Bodu Hithi; Coco Palm attributing the environmentally cognizant escapes Coco Palm Dhuni Kolhu; and Coco Prive consisting of the classified and fashionable Coco Prive Kuda Hithi Island. Coco Palm Dhuni Kolhu and Coco Budhi Hithi are mutually members of the Preferred Hotels and Resorts, in lieu of the optimum and most diversified global assortment of self-regulating experiences in hotel and resorts. Coco collection provides guests with a widespread and elite display of properties, services and experiences to select from. Leadership Performance: Leadership and Management needs to be entirely merged where both should be properly used in promoting innovation and organizational learning. Leadership needs to be in ideal equilibrium with the management of hotel. There cannot be any existence of real terms without the appropriate managerial leadership. Collective work with commitment is what is required for real teams to perform. There has to be more of cooperation and coordination between all the departments in the hotel. It depends on the ways leadership is applied during supervision, a prevailing energy that will have effect and pervade all the other things. The Coco Collection group of hotels has a narcissist director who does not possess that power in empowering workers, listening to them in an honest manner and not enthusiastic to share leadership. The director believes in autocracy and controls the employees in the organization. Handling the employees and supervising them is good but not listening to the employees will eventually affect the performance of the employees. The senior employees who directly report to the directors is also frustrated with the attitude of the director. As they are not happy with the director, they are not able to handle the junior employees. As the directors are not ready to the senior managers, the senior managers in turn did not listen to the problems of the junior employees. As a result, none of the employees is happy working in the organization. It can be said that the director mainly practiced transactional and autocratic leadership style. The main idea on which the leadership style of the director and the senior employees is based on rewards and punishments. The employees are being punished for doing anything wrong. The employees are being rewarded for doing good jobs but the rewards are mainly based on money. Thus, the only language that the employees understand is the language of money and punishments. They are not ready to the help the co-employees because they feel that if they help the co-workers, their work will be hampered and they do not get time to do their work. There is lack of communication and cooperation among the employees. Lack of communication and cooperation also hampers the quality of work of the employees. As the employees are always cared of the punishments. They are seldom interested in finding something new. They just completed their work time and left the office. They never thought if creativity or innovations as they felt it will hamper their work and it will eventually hamper their target that has been set by the organization. The hotel was unable to bring in any change as far as innovation The senior management and the director do not think of training the employees for better development of the employees. The management of an organization should not only think about its own benefits but should also think about the development of the employees[1]. It will not only help them in their business but will also help them in spreading a positive PR. When the employees will go out of the organization, they will be able to shoe case their skills. In this way, the knowledge that they have acquired from the previous organization is presented to the new organization where they are going next. If an organization trains the employees well, the reputation of the company will be enhanced through then skills that will shown by their employees. However, the managers of the Coco Collection group of hotels are not interested in making the employees learn new things or teach them something different. They only thought of the hotel is getting business by making the employees work as per the rule of the organization. Eventually, the employees have started disliking their monotonous jobs. Employees who are working in the hotel industry need to be all-rounder. However, when they saw that they are doing the same work every day, they started disliking their jobs and lost interest from work. Skill Needs: In tourism industry, for example in Coco Collection, communication is the most important skill that needs to be properly maintained for achieving success. The hotel or hospitality industry is a demanding sector where if the communication lines and goals are not properly set, things might get jeopardized and hamper the whole work process. Coco Collection in Maldives boasts of many tourists from all over the globe making communication much more important. Providing exceptional service to customers would become a concern without being able to converse with them about their prospects. Communication between Managers and the hotel staff becomes important, as there has been an instance in the Coco Collection, where there was a communication gap between the server, the manager and the kitchen staff that led to wrong order being served to that customer. Proper communication leads to enhanced working ambiance where the manager should be able to communicate every possible details to the staff s o that they boast of every in depth knowledge about their jobs and not become frustrated by anything. For example, there might be a situation where the restaurant of Coco Collection group might be running out of certain menu items; it is up to the Manager to let the servers know that these items should not have any order, though if the servers are not aware of such things it becomes critical. Leaders or managers should be able to communicate in the best possible way to avoid any sort of miscommunication that might crop up. It takes years to create goodwill, which cannot be sacrificed in a slip-up through miscommunication[2]. Apart of communication, the leaders should encourage the employees perform. The hospitality industry is full of competition and the staffs need to be competitive enough to match the level of competition. In such a situation, there is need of transformational leadership. The manager and the director should help the employees to learn new things and help them develop their own skills. In this way, the employees will be able to bring in innovation at work. They will love their job and will always be ready to adopt nay kind of change the its need for enhancement of the business. The leaders should listen to the employees as well as help them in their jobs. Another important skill required for hotel General Managers are they are specialized troubleshooters. They are the people who are accountable for creative thinking and realistic solutions in an environment that is fast-paced. Ability is required to make decisions based on amalgamation of company reports and their own professional experiences and ideas. Lastly, financial skill is another important factor for general managers to focus on. The bottomline of the hotel is the responsibility of the General Manager. He is the person who is responsible for setting the rates of the rooms, putting together budgets, approving expenses related to property and seminal for various organizational departments in Coco collection. He is the person who needs to keep track of the money the hotel or the chain of hotels is earning. Improvement Potential: A managers main aim is always to maximize the organizational output and concurrently exploit profitability. For doing so, the manager needs to have positive skills in leadership in his working procedure. Employees are in the habit of taking guidance and support of their seniors or leaders, and their capability of performing soundly may be slowed down by the incapability of the managers in leading by setting the correct example[3]. Effective leadership along with the potential of enhancement is elemental for the management of the staff in Coco Collection group. There are certain things that leaders can do in Coco collection to even better their previous performances. Ethical leadership is one such thing that can be considered by the Coco Collection manager where he needs setting the correct example for employees to experience protected at work. Unethical leadership is something that needs to be avoided as following that can cause destruction to employees at the emotional level that m ight extend to other parts of their lives. Ethics has always been an intricate subject where employees might face various difficult situations at their workplace, where they might form a different opinion with their superiors action, but are frequently afraid to confront them. Improvement is something that the managers need to find within themselves on where they lack and how can they improve themselves. Managers need to manage teams or individuals if the job in hand requires detailed development and prudence[4]. Leadership Development plan: One common mistake that the managers and mentors do make is thinking their job lies in encouraging, complimenting or cheerleading when their employees struggle with self-confidence. Internal leadership development programs are crucial for attaining success. It is something that goes missing from the schedule of many top companies as they focus on saving money[5]. However, experts say that it is essential in cultivating personal in-house flair, if overlooked can bring in dire consequences. Leadership programs assists in easing the sequence of progression, making employees more associated with the business, having the aptitude to transport goods from one section to the entire association. Sometimes the companies hire outsourced trainers and developers who study the situation and come up with relevant solutions[6]. While allowing for diversified programs, it is important to keep in mind the best ones that are action-oriented, instead of being focused only on the theory. Creating a Program: Developing a program based on leadership development, an organization provides employees the opportunity to recognize and develop the presented talent. Such programs permit one to take a closer look at the needs of the leadership and grinding ones skills in a particular area. Determining the suitable leadership style: It is important to select the right one for the business as per the given corporate culture. It is significant in taking a closer look at the existing leaders leadership technique and that of all the successful leaders within the business. Until and unless it is being determined, further analysis would not be possible. Pinpointing the desired leadership changes one would make: The gaps in the leadership need to be sorted out. The developer of such programs or the trainer might necessitate a change in the way an organization is being led. Identifying potential leaders: An organization should look to shape up future leaders as well as develop the existing ones. As in case of the Coco Collection group, it is significant to settle on the precise needs of leadership with one of its manager having self-doubts. Developing a program plan: The leadership skills requirement by the existing leader as essential by employees, and the existing leaders needs to decide on the program format that could be anything from being a rotational program lasting several months to a weekend practicum[7]. Asking for assessment from participants: After completion of programs, it is important for the ones who received training to time the knowledge and share the same if they feel that there has been an improvement in their leadership skills. The employees need to be revisited on a quarterly basis with parallel sort of questions in seeing the ways training have exaggerated them on long-term basis[8]. Proposing a budget: Budget items listed by category Unit cost Units #Units Total Cost (Maldivian Rufiyaa) A) Salaries Training Coordinator 1200 1month 3months 3600 Advisor 800 1month 2 months 1600 Industry Expert 250 1 day 4 days 1000 Total 6200 B)Data Collection Timing Training meetings (lunch, office cost in rent) 350 1day 5days 1750 Total 1750 C) Other Direct Expenses Admin Printing 400 1month 3months 1200 Consultant Visa, Passport Photo 200 1week 1week 200 Projectors 200 1 month 2 months 400 Training cost 350 1 month 3 months 1050 Total 2850 Subtotal 10,800 Overhead (10% of total) 1080 Grand Total (incl. overhead) 11,880 Such leadership programs create a healthy competition in the organization where potential candidates get an opportunity in assessing themselves and where they stand taking into account the objectives of business. The existing leaders should be able to better themselves, as the one mentioned above having self-doubt. Leaders having self-doubts have gone on to become successful ones. Potential Benefits: It is always beneficial to know and understand from an expert where a leader lacks and the ways he can make use of the advice and suggestion to benefit himself and the organization. The trainers are well versed in handling difficult situations and have dealt with such situations innumerous number of times. A trainer who has been outsourced would be the best man to judge the situation without being biased to anything and anyone. The leader too find it comfortable enough in explaining his inner problems to an outsider rather than anyone from within the organization. The company might incur cost for this, as this development program would require time to attain its objectives. It is something that cannot be built within a day; its a continuous process that needs continuous monitoring. The experienced advisors and trainers would also pave the way for a better leadership style that the manager can follow to attain the best possible results for the organization. The whole thing would be presented as a case study to the trainer and the advisor, who would be analyzing it and suggest a model or style that would be best for Coco Collection, Maldives[9]. A leader having self-confidence can create magic in an organization, with innovative ideas and creativity and the ability to take calculated risks. Whereas, a self-doubt one would always put the blame on someone elses shoulder and pressurize others to do the work. If this does not work, the organization might miss other best alternatives in solving the leadership problem. Concentrating on one would lead to miss on other prospects, waste of resources and money. The organization need to pay advisory fees and salaries to trainers for the betterment program of managers and leaders dealing with problems. If things do not work out the total, cost that has been specified for the total program would be a waste. Background Information The leadership problem that is occurring at the Coco Collection hotel chain is majorly delving with the autocratic behaviour of the manager. Even though this leadership style is highly recommended at the time when urgent decisions needs to be taken by the manager, in this respect the problem is arising because the manager is having self-doubt regarding the decisions that he is taking and he is also not ready towards listening to criticisms. As it has been already discussed, Coco Collection is a management hotel company that is operating a range of luxury boutique properties in the Maldives and therefore, there are very high expectations from this hotel. There is also the significance associated with the aspect of customer retention as well as brand loyalty. There have been various instances when crises have been arising that requires immediate attention and quick solving[10]. One of the problematic situations that have been arising within the Coco Collection hotel chain is associated with the aspect of making decisions with incomplete data. Limited evidence is being provided depending on which decisions need to be taken by the management. Therefore, a major challenging aspect faced by the manager at the Coco Collection is to undertake decisions with limited information[11]. Another significant problem that is occurring in respect of the leadership aspect within the Coco Collection hotel chain is that the establishment is unable to do the development of future leaders. The reason being that they are not allowed to do make use of their abilities as well as potential towards making important decisions regarding problematic situations that are arising in the company. The main cause for the occurrence of this is the role played by the manager in the hotel who is following the autocratic leadership style. The staffs without getting the opportunity to be a part of the decision-making process feel less motivated and their best potential is not getting utilized. Moreover, a strong emphasis needs to be given to the significance of building a team that consists of people having varied outlooks as well as backgrounds[12]. In this respect, there is the requirement for clarifying the disadvantages that are associated with the autocratic style of leadership. The fundamental crisis associated with the autocratic leadership style refers to the fact that subordinates are not having the relevant information as to why they are required doing a specific work or in other words, the reason for performing the work. There is occurring the assignment of jobs, providing facilities as well as issuing of instructions without making consultation with the individual who will perform the task. Moreover, the subordinates are compelled towards following the directions that the leaders are providing without asking any questions even when, the directions that are provided might not be considered to be appropriate. As a result, this will be producing feelings associated with becoming helpless as well as frustrated in respect of the staffs[13]. Also, the staffs tend to evade taking responsibility as well as making efforts and therefore, overall potentiality regarding the staffs as well as their creative ideas are not getting used to the utmost. Last but not the least, a threat is occurring in respect of the continuity of the organization since, the staffs are not getting the right scope regarding their growth. Rationale for the research The performances of the staffs take into consideration the aspect of doing the execution of defined duties, meeting deadlines, competency of the staffs as well as effectiveness and productivity to complete the task. Coco Collection is having the requirement for strong leadership styles that will be stimulating the performance of the staffs. Coco Collection is being faced with challenges that are associated with poor innovation, reduced efficiency of the staffs, as well as inability for meeting performance targets[14]. The reason for this taking place is the absence of the strategic interventions regarding the autocratic leadership style in respect of specific circumstances that give rise to crises. The problem associated with the manager having self-doubt and not being able to face criticism positively is influencing the performances of the staffs as well as organizational service regarding the hotel chain[15]. Therefore, the rationale of this research is associated with investigatin g the impact of autocratic leadership style towards the performance of the staffs as well as overall organizational productivity. Critical Evaluation The styles of leadership are having important as well as considerable impact on Coco Collection hotel chain. The leadership styles influence all the individuals starting from senior as well as top management to the new candidates joining the hotel chain. They are creating the corporate culture that will be influencing Coco Collection hotel chain as well as staff performance to meet deadline-based tasks. The style of leadership is referring to the behavioral aspect regarding a leader as well as attitude regarding governance as well as supervision. This is the outcome associated with personality characteristics, experience, attitude as well as the philosophical aspects regarding the leaders. Various circumstances are having the requirement for varied styles of leadership. When there exists limited time for covering a particular crises and there is the requirement towards achieving fast solution and the manager is having considerably better experience or competencies in comparison to the rest of the team, then the autocratic leadership style is considered being productive[16]. This leadership style is providing a clear definition relating to the division amongst leaders as well as workers. The autocratic leaders are making decisions having limited or no staff involvement. The autocratic leaders are considered having more confidence as well as surety regarding the responsibility to make decisions in respect of the strategic plans as well as organizational operations[17]. This leadership style also states that a single individual is having complete authority as well as control over the subordinates. The autocratic manager is having the final say in respect of any matter and he shouldnt be questioned ever and his decisions cannot get interrupted by any subordinate. To be specific, the manager at Coco Collection hotel chain who is following autocratic leadership is having complete authority over his subordinates. He is having the sole authority for treating the subordinates the way he feels like and this is considered effective only when fast as well as rapid decision needs to be applied. This leadership style however, might showcase great outcomes within a reduced period of time. On the other hand, exhaustive utilization of authority will be distorting efficiency in the longer time-period. The reason for this is that staffs are having dissatisfaction and are constantly doing recurring tasks in the absence of doing creative as well as innovative work and therefore, starts feeling less motivated[18]. The autocratic leadership style is promoting a discussion that is one sided and because of this aspect, the creative as well as leadership abilities of the staffs are becoming limiting and every staff is being involved in repetitive daily work based activities. Since the leader is having the authority, there is the scope of exploiting as well as distorting the staffs. The autocratic leadership style will be restricting the communication at the place of work as well as socialization and this might be leading towards having discord as well as conflicting situations within the workplace[19]. Concerning the restriction of communication based on the autocratic leadership style, the communication gap has been occurring at the Coco Collection hotel chain. For instance, the subordinates who are serving food to the customers face a certain crisis where the manager does not communicate to them that there is the unavailability of a particular food item. The manager does not bother doing so since the communication is one sided and it completely depends on their whims and fancies whether they want to convey the matter to the subordinates or not. This results in the subordinates being faced with awkward situations in front of the customers. It also needs to get noted here that efficient workplace communication is depending upon professional association that is made for assisting the everyday organizational function of Coco Collection hotel chain or the continuous development of the hotel chain. When personal matters will be affecting the communication within Coco Collection hotel chain, there will occur the development of a communication problem that might be taking considerable time for tracking down as well as getting resolved. Individuals that are refusing towards communicating effectively based on individual discord will damage the ability of Coco Collection for conducting business as well as slowing the organizational growth[20]. Moreover, based on autocratic leadership style, one-way communication will be becoming an unproductive means for exchanging information all through the hotel chain organization. Staffs as well as managers, however, are required providing feedback every time for the improvement of informati on quality that will get distributed as well as the ways through which the delivery of the information will be made. For instance, when the FB department will be sending out information in a format that confuses other individuals within the organization, then the FB department should get informed about the problems. This should be relating to communication as soon as possible, failing which the information that is being provided by the department will be getting posed as a challenge associated with communication[21]. Research Methodology The reason for the employment of the research methodology is gaining familiarity with the phenomenon or achieving new aspects within the matter. It is also associated with the aspect of portraying in an accurate manner the traits associated with a specific circumstance. It is also required determining the rate with which certain aspects will be occurring[22]. The research methodology that is being used here can be considered to be either applied research or fundamental research. Applied research will be aiming towards finding answer regarding an urgent crises that the Coco Collection hotel chain is being faced with and on the other hand, fundamental research will be majorly concerning with generalizations as well as with theory formulation. Regarding Coco Collection, the research studies that is concerned with human behaviours with the aspect towards making overviews relating to the behaviour of the managers within the hotel chain will be reflecting the aspect of fundamental research within the organization[23]. Also, research associated with identifying trends relating to the social as well as economical aspects within Coco Collection hotel chain will be influencing specific organization for discovering an outcome in respect of the present crises that is occurring within Coco Collection hotel chain. Applied research will be focusing on considering the outcomes of scientific research as well as using it in a direct manner with the real crises-situations that is occurring at Coco Collection hotel chain and this type of research methodology is having concern with the external legitimacy regarding their tasks. Fundamental research will be expanding the information based on business as well as management processes. This will be resulting in universal principles that will be associated with the methods as well as its association with the results. Concerning fundamental research, the researcher will be determining the selection of topics as well as goals and also the flexibility in the time-scales[24]. The sampling methods that have been used in case of the research methodology are random sampling, stratified sampling as well as systematic sampling. Random sampling The random samples will be requiring a method to name or number the target population. These are considered being the optimum method to do the selection of the samples from the population of the interest. Stratified sampling In this sampling method, the researcher will be identifying the various kinds of individuals that will be making up the population as well as working out the quantities required in respect of the sample for being representative. Systematic sampling This will be selecting subjects in a systematic manner from the target population. For taking a systematic sample, there is the requirement for listing every member relating to the population and after that making decisions regarding a sample that needs to be considered. The positive aspect regarding this method is that it will be providing a representative sample[25]. The statistical methods that are used in this respect are standard deviation as well as regression. Standard deviation The standard deviation is considered being the measure regarding a spread of data around the mean. A high standard deviation will be signifying the aspect that the data will be spread in a wider manner from the mean and low standard deviation will be signaling that additional data will be aligning with the mean[26]. Regression This statistical method will be modeling the association within variables that are regarded as being dependent as well as explanatory[27]. Improved effectiveness and efficiency of leadership practices There are different factors that are influencing the improved effectiveness as well as efficiency of leadership practices that are considered as training, support, staff performance, organizational values, technological aspects, goal settings, delegation as well as motivation. Training Every organizational manager is required receiving training that is associated with the ways by which performance evaluations get conducted. Training in respect of practical matters as well as duties of management will be encouraging the managers in becoming leaders having appropriate responsibilities. Without the absence of training in respect of leadership as well as management, the managers will be missing the basic aspects relating to the principles as well as practices associated with leadership. Support The managers will not be able to thrive in the absence of the support from the establishment. An organization will be supporting the decisions of their departments. The actions of the managers whose actions gets appreciated by the organizational seniors will be providing better performance as leaders of business. Consecutively, business leaders that are not getting the support from the employers will end up in failure. Staff performance The performance of the staffs is considered essential in respect of the success of a business leader. This might be considered to be an essential factor that will be affecting leadership in business[28]. Organizational values Managers that are working for companies that are successful as well as highly respected are interested in demonstrating their dedication towards their official posts. To demonstrate principles that are having congruency with the essential values of the company are considered being the signs of productive business leaders. Technology The technological solutions are enabling increased effectiveness as well as efficiency. The technological aspect is considered being an essential aspect that is influencing the organizational leaders since it is influencing the performance of the manager. It will also be influencing the way by which managers will be having the ability for interacting with the employees. The technological aspect in the present scenario is influencing almost all the business aspects, therefore leaders that are encouraging the staffs for using the technological aspects for improving their ability to perform will be contributing towards entire success of the organization[29]. Goal settings Employees are only staying motivated when they have a clear understanding about the work that they will be doing and in what ways that will be contributing towards the organizational success. The staffs can also do the measurement of their development in that respect. Therefore, the staffs are required having transparency and in this regard, SMART objectives need to be implemented. Delegation For improved effectiveness regarding leadership practices the managers are required gathering everyone around, solving the matters as well as explaining the different aspects. It is required ensuring every staff to have an understanding of the thought process, asking a staff towards updating a manual that is considered being suitable and letting them know that they might be able to make decisions without the consent of the manager next time any decision needs to be taken[30]. Motivation When staffs will be finding meaning in their work, they will be getting highly motivated. In respect of assisting in staff motivation, a leader is required providing inspiration to the team that is working under him. Leaders are required managing their actions and are required leading through examples. The leader is required ensuring that they are having time in respect of their employees, needs to have a purpose and have a productive communication process. The leader is also required delegating as well as empowering the team by assisting them in understanding the rational by which decisions need to be conducted[31]. Reflection for employability enhancement Business activities, which are performed at a consistently high level of competency and which are designated by the organization as critical to the competitive position within the market place. In this context, it can be stated that organizations attempt to gain dominance in a market by considering the core capabilities. Core capabilities are the outcomes of a specific set of skills and the production technique, which deliver additional value to the consumers. Coco collection is the management hotel, which operates a range of luxury boutique properties set on some of the beautiful island in Maldives. In order to achieve the consultancy task for the client organization, I think the Coco collection requires to provide in job training to the employees in order to improve the personal work behavior. On the contrary, I also think that the more complete way of approaching is to make a connection with the individual in order to meet the organizational goal or to increase the individual performance of the employees. These are the two alternatives way, which are essential to achieve the consultancy task for the client company. In addition, I observed that Coco collection use the concept of competencies. In this order, the organization follows the integrated knowledge, judgment, skills and the attributes, which are needed to perform a job significantly. A defined set of competencies for each of the position in the organization; it refers the employe es the types of behaviors the organizational values. Therefore, I can infer that with the help of these determinants, the objectives of the business would be met. However, I also observe that the team members of the organization work more efficiently and achieve the potential and the organizational advantage can make a linkage between the personal performance along with the corporate goals and the valuation. On the other hand, in order to achieve the consultancy task for the clients of the company, I think it is necessary to define which of the competencies are required for the success of the organization. It is necessary to ensure that the employees of our company need to demonstrate sufficient expertise. Our company also requires to recruit new and the eligible staffs, who can efficiently handle the critical organizational situation. After that, we also require to measure the performance of them, of required we also need to provide additional customized training program. Lastly, we focused to make a change management procedure for working more effectively. Within the organization, we follow the democratic leadership style. In this connection, we can mention that it is the type of participative leadership. In this type of leadership approach, the employees can take part in the decision making process. Therefore, employee involvement is the key component of democratic leadership style. In this connection, we can facilitate our staffs to participate and give their suggestions towards the management. On the other hand, in order to improve the performance of the employees, we organize a training program. This has increased the collaboration among the employees and the management. Sometimes, we observed that the management can take complex decisions and can solve the complex issues. These would increase the ability to work collaboratively. Innovative ideas would help the employees to increase the organizational performance. However, it can be argued that considering all of the decisions of the employees for make any decision is very time con suming. In addition, I believe that democratic leadership style is helpful to develop a strong team, which tends to be supportive and strong. In this context, it can be mentioned that honesty flourishes and more collective working is considered due to the opinions of the employees. In addition, I can highlight the fact that engagement of the team members will reflect the organizational leaders to focus on the effective procedure, which is fitted for the business. Therefore, I think to make the democratic leadership style successful, cooperation and the communication is the key concepts of this type of leadership style. Moreover, it can be stated that democratic leaders of our organization encourage the input and the innovative team members. Creative designers succeed under the democratic leadership style. In order to improve the personal leadership, I think the leaders require to have clear vision regarding the objectives of the business. In this context, the leaders need to clearly explain the objectives to the followers, so that the mission of the objectives would be fulfilled. The leaders also require to identify the shortcomings within the organization, after that they need to mitigate it. In this context, I can suggest that the leaders can develop a strategic planning session and also need to ask for feedback about the working environment of the organization. On the other hand, it is necessary to motivate the morale and the values of the employees, so that the individual performance of the employees would increase. In this purpose, the leaders require to discuss with the employees, whether they are facing any problems or not. After identifying these, the leaders can solve the problems. On the other hand, I can also recommend that in order to meet the business goals, the leaders also require to develop an action plan. By follow this action plan; the leaders can complete the task within the proposed timeline and also with the help of the employees. The leaders also require to maintain a positive attitude within the organization, which is also helpful to motivate the employees in a right way. Lastly, I want to mention that the leaders need to get learning from the previous failures. This would help the leaders to improve their leadership and also improve their activities. Moreover, during the production process, the leaders and the other employees require to maintain honesty. The leaders also need to take new challenges as well as require to identify the core values of the business in order to make the business successful and also improve the personal development of the leaders. Reference Archbald, D., 2013. 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